為台灣加油打氣專欄(172)油電混合多旋翼無人機
多旋翼機有一點像直升機，因為可以垂直起降，可是它和一般直升機最大不同的地方，乃是直升機靠一組槳葉，這一組螺旋槳不是獨立的，他們用同一個速度旋轉，多旋翼的意思是指，每一個機臂上有完全獨立的槳葉，槳葉分兩組，一組順時鐘轉，另外一組逆時針轉，可是機臂上的槳葉是互相獨立的，它們的旋轉速度可以不一樣，以下是一張最近國內工程師發展出來的多旋翼無人機的照片。
The multi-rotor is a bit like a helicopter, because it can take off and land vertically. However, the main difference from the general helicopter is that the helicopter is supported by a set of blades.
This group of propellers is not independent. They rotate at the same speed and multi-rotor. It means that each arm has independent blades. The blades are divided into two groups, and one group rotates clockwise, and the other group rotates counterclockwise. However, the blades on the arm are independent of each other, and their rotation speed can be different.
圖一: 可以看出這一個多旋翼無人機有八個機臂，分成兩組，一組順時鐘轉，另外一組逆時針轉，每一個軸上有兩個獨立的槳葉，所以一共就有16個獨立的槳葉。它們旋轉的速度可以不一樣的。
影片: 無人機飛行的影片
這一個無人機是油電混合的，因此有得時候一直需要引擎、發電機和馬達，這個無人機上的引擎是向國內廠商購買的，發電機和馬達都是公司自行開發的。
This drone is a hybrid of oil and electricity. there is always a need for engines, generators and motors. The engines on this drone are purchased from domestic manufacturers. The generators and motors are developed by the company itself.
無人機上的引擎比較小，因為無人機在空中可以傾斜，所以機油不能單獨加在引擎內，而必須將機油和汽油混合，其實這種引擎並不是很容易做出來的。
The engine on the drone is relatively small, because the drone can be tilted in the air. The oil can not be added to the engine alone, but the oil must be mixed with the gasoline. In fact, this engine is not very easy to make.
製造引擎的公司，在過去都是裝在無人定翼機的，不是油電混合的無人機，所以它的冷卻比較簡單，因為熱空氣會直接散到大氣中去，油電混合的無人機，引擎出來的熱會散到發電機上去，所以我們的工程師必須設計一套一體式氣冷設備，將引擎和發電機所散出的熱，用風扇將熱送走。
The engine manufacturer used to install unmanned aeroplanes, not a hybrid electric-powered drone. Its cooling is relatively simple, because the hot air will be directly dispersed into the atmosphere. Becuase the hybrid electric-powered drone that the heat from the engine will be dissipated to the generator, our engineers must design an integrated air-cooling device that uses the heat from the engine and generator to send the heat away with a fan.
這種多旋翼的無人機，有停懸的能力，也就是說我們可以將無人機停止在空中不動，這種能力是相當有用的，救火就可以利用這種能力，至於如何能夠停懸，不容易講清楚，據我所知，是使得所有的旋翼用同樣的速度旋轉。
This multi-rotor drone has the ability to suspend, which means that we can stop the drone in the air. This function is quite useful. Fire fighting can use this function. As for how to stop, no It's easy to make it clear, as far as I know, to make all the rotors rotate at the same speed.
這種無人機當然需要一個控制系統，控制系統必須要有能力接受很多的信號，包含GPS和地面操縱的人所送出的訊號，控制系統內也要有一個陀螺儀，這個控制系統是向國外的公司購買的。
This type of drone certainly needs a control system. The control system must be able to accept a lot of signals, including the signals sent by GPS and ground-operated people. There must also be a gyroscope in the control system. This control system is from abroad company.
無人機上也要有一個能力，可以將交流電力轉換成直流電力，這種線路叫做ADC(Analog to Digital Converter)，問題在，這個線路必須承擔高電壓和高電流且要很輕，所以目前還是要向國外購買，照相機也是要向國外購買。
There must also be a capability on the drone to convert AC power into DC power. This line is called ADC (Analog to Digital Converter). The problem is that this line must bear high voltage and high current and be light. Need to buy from abroad, the camera is also purchased abroad.
這種多旋翼無人機的最大好處在於穩定，我們可以想像的到，如果有一個馬達出問題，這個無人機也不會有很大的問題，我們的多旋翼無人機可以在偏遠的山上清洗電塔，可以在高樓救火，可以在農場施肥，最近這架無人機在苗栗的河川上試驗拋投救生衣、救生圈以及引繩等等動作，都很成功。
The biggest advantage of this multi-rotor drone is stability. We can imagine that if there is a motor problem, this drone will not have much problem. Our multi-rotor drone can clean electricity in remote mountains. The tower can be used to fire in high-rise buildings. It can be fertilized on the farm. Recently, this drone experimented on throwing life jackets, lifebuoys and lead ropes on the rivers of Miaoli.
無人機當然也還是有其他的功能，對國家安全是絕對有用的，這個團隊有9位工程師，研發的時間是2年，這個無人機也得到了2019年美國消費性電子展創新獎（CES 2019 Innovation Awards），這個無人機開發，工程師需要知道機械、電機等等的學問，每一個細節都必須做得非常好，國家有這種肯下苦功的工程師，是值得慶幸的，也值得鼓勵的。
Of course, drones still have other functions that are absolutely useful for national security. The team has 9 engineers and the development time is 2 years. This drone also received the 2019 American Consumer Electronics Show Innovation Award (CES 2019). Innovation Awards), this drone development, engineers need to know the mechanics of machinery, motors, etc. Each detail must be done very well. The country has such an engineer who is willing to work hard, and it is worthy of encouragement.
我們更應該注意，任何一個好的機械，除了設計要好以外，其中的零組件尤其要精密，否則這種機械可能會有問題的，國家必須鼓勵工業界發展各種的零組件，而且要發展精密的零組件，我們可以想像得到，如果所有的零組件都必須向外國購買，將來維護起來會不堪設想，而且造價也會非常高昂，當然我們有一些零組件還是要向國外購買，不過從這一個例子看來，我們國家已經有相當多的衛星工廠可以製造各種性能的零組件。
We should pay more attention to the fact that any good machine, with good design and the precise components. Otherwise the machine may have problems. The country must encourage the industry to develop various components, and develop sophisticated components. We can imagine, if all the components must be purchased from foreign countries, it will be unimaginable to maintain in the future, and the cost will be very high. Of course, we have some components to buy abroad.For this case, it seems that there are quite a few satellite factories in our country that can manufacture various performance components.
希望國人知道國家有很多的工程師在努力的工作，而且我們國家最大的優點乃是在於我們有很多的零組件公司，它們都不可能是很有名的，但是如果沒有它們，我們根本不可能談精密工業，政府以及社會都應該支持這些公司，也應該給我們國家努力工作的工程師獎勵。
I hope that the people know that there are many engineers working hard in the country. The biggest advantage of our country is that we have a lot of component companies. They are not very famous, but without them, we can't talk about precision. Industry, government, and society should support these companies, and they should also reward engineers working hard in our country.
國人一定要對自己國家有信心，我們是一個不錯的工業國家。
We must have confidence in our country, becasue we are a good industrial country.
文章來源: 李家同為台灣加油打氣專欄 授權
